Bibliografia

Una lista sintetica delle principali fonti bibliografiche nazionali e internazionali utilizzate per approfondire le nostre storie.

Testi di ampio respiro

Craighead, J. D., J. J. Craighead, J. S. Sumner, and J. A. Mitchell.  1995.  The Grizzly Bears of Yellowstone: Their Ecology in the Yellowstone Ecosystem, 1959-1992. Island Press, Washington, D.C, USA.

Fundación Oso Pardo. 2008. El Oso Cantábrico. Impreso en España, Spain.

Mustoni A. 2004. L’orso bruno sulle Alpi. Nitida oikos, Trento, Italy.

Penteriani, V. and M. Melletti, editors. 2020. Bears of the World: Ecology, Conservation and Management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Powell, R.A., J.W. Zimmerman, D. E. Seaman, and C. Powell. 1996. Ecology and Behaviour of North American Black Bears: Home Ranges, Habitat and Social Organization. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Germany.

Thompson, R. 2018. No Word for Wilderness: Italy’s Grizzlies and the Race to Save the Rarest Bears on Earth. Ashland Creek Press, Ashland, Oregon, USA.

Zeni M. 2016. In nome dell’orso. Il declino e il ritorno dell’orso bruno sulle Alpi. Storia, cronaca, conflitti e sfide. Il Piviere, Gavi, Italy.

Zibordi F. 2017. Gli orsi delle Alpi. Chi sono e come vivono. Blu edizioni, Torino, Italy.

Zunino F. 1976. Orso bruno marsicano: risultati di una ricerca sull’ecologia della specie. WWF-Italy, editor., SOS Fauna in pericolo in Italia, Roma, Italy.

Articoli scientifici e testi tematici

CHI È L’ORSO

Anijalg, P. et al. 2018. Large-scale migrations of brown bears in Eurasia and to North America during the Late Pleistocene. Journal of Biogeography 45:394–405.

Benazzo, A., E. et al. 2017. Survival and divergence in a small group: The extraordinary genomic history of the endangered Apennine brown bear stragglers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114:E9589–E9597.

Ciucci, P., E. Tosoni, G. Di Domenico, F. Quattrociocchi, and L. Boitani. 2014. Seasonal and annual variation in the food habits of Apennine brown bears, central Italy. Journal of Mammalogy 95:572–586.

Ciucci, P., S. Mancinelli, L. Boitani, O. Gallo, and L. Grottoli. 2020. Anthropogenic food subsidies hinder the ecological role of wolves: Insights for conservation of apex predators in human-modified landscapes. Global Ecology and Conservation 21.

Ciucci, P., T. et al. 2017. Distribution of the brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) in the central apennines, Italy, 2005–2014. Hystrix 28.

Colangelo, P., A. Loy, D. Huber, T. Gomerčić, A. Vigna Taglianti, and P. Ciucci. 2012. Cranial distinctiveness in the Apennine brown bear: Genetic drift effect or ecophenotypic adaptation? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 107:15–26.

Coogan, S. C. P., and D. Raubenheimer. 2016. Might macronutrient requirements influence grizzly bear-human conflict? Insights from nutritional geometry. Ecosphere 7:1–15.

Coogan, S. C. P., D. Raubenheimer, G. B. Stenhouse, N. C. Coops, and S. E. Nielsen. 2018. Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear. Ecology and Evolution 8:2365–2376.

Costello, C. M., S. L. Cain, S. Pils, L. Frattaroli, M. A. Haroldson, and F. T. Van Manen. 2016. Diet and macronutrient optimization in wild ursids: A comparison of grizzly bears with sympatric and allopatric black bears. PLoS ONE 11:1–22.

Dahle, B., A. Zedrosser, and J. E. Swenson. 2006. Correlates with body size and mass in yearling brown bears (Ursus arctos). Journal of Zoology 269:273–283.

Erlenbach, J. A., K. D. Rode, D. Raubenheimer, and C. T. Robbins. 2014. Macronutrient optimization and energy maximization determine diets of brown bears. Journal of Mammalogy 95:160–168.

Evans, A. L., N. J. Singh, A. Friebe, J. M. Arnemo, T. G. Laske, O. Fröbert, J. E. Swenson, and S. Blanc. 2016. Drivers of hibernation in the brown bear. Frontiers in Zoology 13:7.

Evans, Alina L., N. J. Singh, B. Fuchs, S. Blanc, A. Friebe, T. G. Laske, O. Frobert, J. E. Swenson, and J. M. Arnemo. 2016. Physiological reactions to capture in hibernating brown bears. Conservation Physiology 4:1–11.

Felicetti, L. A., C. T. Robbins, and L. A. Shipley. 2003. Dietary protein content alters energy expenditure and composition of the mass gain in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76:256–261.

Fortin, J. K., C. C. Schwartz, K. A. Gunther, J. E. Teisberg, M. A. Haroldson, M. A. Evans, and C. T. Robbins. 2013. Dietary adjustability of grizzly bears and American black bears in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 77:270–281.

Friebe, A., A. L. Evans, J. M. Arnemo, S. Blanc, S. Brunberg, G. Fleissner, J. E. Swenson, and A. Zedrosser. 2014. Factors affecting date of implantation, parturition, and den entry estimated from activity and body temperature in free-ranging brown bears. PLoS ONE 9.

González-Bernardo, E., L. F. Russo, E. Valderrábano, Á. Fernández, and V. Penteriani. 2020. Denning in brown bears. Ecology and Evolution 10:1-19.

Hilderbrand, G. V., D. D. Gustine, B. A. Mangipane, K. Joly, W. Leacock, L. S. Mangipane, J. Erlenbach, M. S. Sorum, M. D. Cameron, J. L. Belant, and T. Cambier. 2018. Body size and lean mass of brown bears across and within four diverse ecosystems. Journal of Zoology 305:53–62.

Falco, M. 2020.  Modelling habitat suitability accounting for forest structure and dynamics:Apennine brown bear as a case study.  Tesi di Dottorato, Università “ La Sapienza”, Roma, IT.

Iwaniuk, A. N., S. M. Pellis, and I. Q. Whishaw. 1999. The relationship between forelimb morphology and behaviour in North American carnivores (Carnivora). Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:1064–1074.

Jiangzuo, Q., and J. J. Flynn. 2020. The Earliest Ursine Bear Demonstrates the Origin of Plant-Dominated Omnivory in Carnivora. iScience 23:101235.

Kumar, V., F. Lammers, T. Bidon, M. Pfenninger, L. Kolter, M. A. Nilsson, and A. Janke. 2017. The evolutionary history of bears is characterized by gene flow across species. Scientific Reports 7:1–10.

Laske, T. G., D. L. Garshelis, and P. A. Iaizzo. 2011a. Monitoring the wild black bear’s reaction to human and environmental stressors. BMC Physiology 11:13.

López-Alfaro, C., C. T. Robbins, A. Zedrosser, and S. E. Nielsen. 2013. Energetics of hibernation and reproductive trade-offs in brown bears. Ecological Modelling 270:1–10.

Loy, A., P. Genov, M. Galfo, M. G. Jacobone, and A. V. Taglianti. 2008. Cranial morphometrics of the Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) and preliminary notes on the relationships with other southern European populations. Italian Journal of Zoology 75:67–75.

Mattson, D.J. 1997c. Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos. Biological Conservation. 81: 161-177.

McLellan, B. N. 2011. Implications of a high-energy and low-protein diet on the body composition, fitness, and competitive abilities of black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly (Ursus arctos) bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89:546–558.

Meloro, C., and A. M. de Oliveira. 2019. Elbow Joint Geometry in Bears (Ursidae, Carnivora): a Tool to Infer Paleobiology and Functional Adaptations of Quaternary Fossils. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 26:133–146.

Meloro, C., G. Guidarelli, P. Colangelo, P. Ciucci, and A. Loy. 2017. Mandible size and shape in extant Ursidae (Carnivora, Mammalia): A tool for taxonomy and ecogeography. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research:55.

Mugahid, D. A., et al. 2019. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Hibernating Grizzly Bears Reveal Metabolic and Signaling Pathways that Protect against Muscle Atrophy. Scientific Reports 9:1–16.

Nelson, R. A., G. E. Folk, E. W. Pfeiffer, J. J. Craighead, C. J. Jonkel, and D. L. Steiger. 1983. Behavior, Biochemistry, and Hibernation in Black, Grizzly, and Polar Bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management 5:284.

Nielsen, S. E., M. R. L. Cattet, J. Boulanger, J. Cranston, G. J. McDermid, A. B. A. Shafer, and G. B. Stenhouse. 2013. Environmental, biological and anthropogenic effects on grizzly bear body size: Temporal and spatial considerations. BMC Ecology 13:1.

Noyce, K. V., P. B. Kannowski, and M. R. Riggs. 1997. Black bears as ant-eaters: Seasonal associations between bear myrmecophagy and ant ecology in north-central Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:1671–1686.

Pritchard, G. T., and C. T. Robbins. 1990. Digestive and metabolic efficiencies of grizzly and black bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:1645–1651.

Rey-Iglesia, A., A. García-Vázquez, E. C. Treadaway, J. van der Plicht, G. F. Baryshnikov, P. Szpak, H. Bocherens, G. G. Boeskorov, and E. D. Lorenzen. 2019. Evolutionary history and palaeoecology of brown bear in North-East Siberia re-examined using ancient DNA and stable isotopes from skeletal remains. Scientific Reports 9:1–12.

Reynolds-Hogland, M. J., L. B. Pacifici, and M. S. Mitchell. 2007. Linking resources with demography to understand resource limitation for bears. Journal of Applied Ecology 44:1166–1175.

Rigano, K. S., J. L. Gehring, B. D. Evans Hutzenbiler, A. V. Chen, O. L. Nelson, C. A. Vella, C. T. Robbins, and H. T. Jansen. 2017. Life in the fat lane: seasonal regulation of insulin sensitivity, food intake, and adipose biology in brown bears. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 187:649–676.

Robbins, T., C., J. K. Fortin, K. D. Rode, S. D. Farley, L. A. Shipley, and L. A. Felicetti. 2007. Optimizing protein intake as a foraging strategy to maximize mass gain in an omnivore. Oikos 116:1675–1682.

Rode, K. D., and C. T. Robbins. 2000. Why bears consume mixed diets during fruit abundance. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:1640–1645.

Rode, K. D., C. T. Robbins, and L. A. Shipley. 2001. Constraints on herbivory by grizzly bears. Oecologia 128:62–71.

Rodríguez, C., J. Naves, A. Fernández-Gil, J. R. Obeso, and M. Delibes. 2007. Long-term trends in food habits of a relict brown bear population in northern Spain: The influence of climate and local factors. Environmental Conservation 34:36–44.

Sahlén, V., A. Friebe, S. Sæbø, J. E. Swenson, and O. G. Støen. 2015. Den entry behavior in Scandinavian brown bears: Implications for preventing human injuries. Journal of Wildlife Management 79:274–287.

Seger, R. L., F. A. Servello, R. A. Cross, and D. H. Keisler. 2013. Body mass and mast abundance influence foraging ecology of the American black bear (Ursus Americanus) in Maine. Canadian Journal of Zoology 91:512–522.

Shine, C. L., C. T. Robbins, O. L. Nelson, and C. P. McGowan. 2017. Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) locomotion: Forelimb joint mechanics across speed in the sagittal and frontal planes. Journal of Experimental Biology 220:1322–1329.

Spady, T. J., D. G. Lindburg, and B. S. Durrant. 2007. Evolution of reproductive seasonality in bears. Mammal Review 37:21–53.

Stenvinkel, P., A. H. Jani, and R. J. Johnson. 2013a. Hibernating bears (Ursidae): Metabolic magicians of definite interest for the nephrologist. Kidney International 83:207–212.

Swenson, J. E., A. Jansson, R. Riig, and F. Sandegren. 1999. Bears and ants: Myrmecophagy by brown bears in central Scandinavia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:551–561.

Swenson, J. E., F. Sandegren, S. Brunberg, and P. Wabakken. 1997. Winter den abandonment by brown bears Ursus arctos: Causes and consequences. Wildlife Biology 3:35–38.

Swenson, J. E., M. Adamič, D. Huber, and S. Stokke. 2007. Brown bear body mass and growth in northern and southern Europe. Oecologia 153:37–47.

Tosoni, E., M. Mei, and P. Ciucci. 2018. Ants as food for Apennine brown bears. The European Zoological Journal 85:342–348.

Tosoni, E.  2010.  Indagini ecologiche relative alla popolazione di orso bruno ( Ursus arctos marsicanus) nel territorio del Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise. Tesi di Dottorato, Università “ La Sapienza”, Roma, IT.

Tumendemberel, O., A. Zedrosser, M. F. Proctor, H. V. Reynolds, J. R. Adams, J. M. Sullivan, S. J. Jacobs, T. Khorloojav, T. Tserenbataa, M. Batmunkh, J. E. Swenson, and L. P. Waits. 2019. Phylogeography, genetic diversity, and connectivity of brown bear populations in Central Asia. PLoS ONE 14:1–23.

Wang, X., N. Rybczynski, C. R. Harington, S. C. White, and R. H. Tedford. 2017. A basal ursine bear (Protarctos abstrusus) from the Pliocene High Arctic reveals Eurasian affinities and a diet rich in fermentable sugars. Scientific Reports 7:1–14.

Welch, C. A., J. Keay, K. C. Kendall, and C. T. Robbins. 1997. Constraints on frugivory by bears. Ecology 78:1105–1119.

DOVE VIVE

Anijalg, P. et al. 2018. Large-scale migrations of brown bears in Eurasia and to North America during the Late Pleistocene. Journal of Biogeography 45:394–405.

Benazzo, A., E. et al. 2017. Survival and divergence in a small group: The extraordinary genomic history of the endangered Apennine brown bear stragglers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114:E9589–E9597.

Ciucci, P., E. Tosoni, G. Di Domenico, F. Quattrociocchi, and L. Boitani. 2014. Seasonal and annual variation in the food habits of Apennine brown bears, central Italy. Journal of Mammalogy 95:572–586.

Ciucci, P., S. Mancinelli, L. Boitani, O. Gallo, and L. Grottoli. 2020. Anthropogenic food subsidies hinder the ecological role of wolves: Insights for conservation of apex predators in human-modified landscapes. Global Ecology and Conservation 21.

Ciucci, P., T. et al. 2017. Distribution of the brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) in the central apennines, Italy, 2005–2014. Hystrix 28.

Colangelo, P., A. Loy, D. Huber, T. Gomerčić, A. Vigna Taglianti, and P. Ciucci. 2012. Cranial distinctiveness in the Apennine brown bear: Genetic drift effect or ecophenotypic adaptation? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 107:15–26.

Coogan, S. C. P., and D. Raubenheimer. 2016. Might macronutrient requirements influence grizzly bear-human conflict? Insights from nutritional geometry. Ecosphere 7:1–15.

Coogan, S. C. P., D. Raubenheimer, G. B. Stenhouse, N. C. Coops, and S. E. Nielsen. 2018. Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear. Ecology and Evolution 8:2365–2376.

Costello, C. M., S. L. Cain, S. Pils, L. Frattaroli, M. A. Haroldson, and F. T. Van Manen. 2016. Diet and macronutrient optimization in wild ursids: A comparison of grizzly bears with sympatric and allopatric black bears. PLoS ONE 11:1–22.

Dahle, B., A. Zedrosser, and J. E. Swenson. 2006. Correlates with body size and mass in yearling brown bears (Ursus arctos). Journal of Zoology 269:273–283.

Erlenbach, J. A., K. D. Rode, D. Raubenheimer, and C. T. Robbins. 2014. Macronutrient optimization and energy maximization determine diets of brown bears. Journal of Mammalogy 95:160–168.

Evans, A. L., N. J. Singh, A. Friebe, J. M. Arnemo, T. G. Laske, O. Fröbert, J. E. Swenson, and S. Blanc. 2016. Drivers of hibernation in the brown bear. Frontiers in Zoology 13:7.

Evans, Alina L., N. J. Singh, B. Fuchs, S. Blanc, A. Friebe, T. G. Laske, O. Frobert, J. E. Swenson, and J. M. Arnemo. 2016. Physiological reactions to capture in hibernating brown bears. Conservation Physiology 4:1–11.

Felicetti, L. A., C. T. Robbins, and L. A. Shipley. 2003. Dietary protein content alters energy expenditure and composition of the mass gain in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76:256–261.

Fortin, J. K., C. C. Schwartz, K. A. Gunther, J. E. Teisberg, M. A. Haroldson, M. A. Evans, and C. T. Robbins. 2013. Dietary adjustability of grizzly bears and American black bears in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 77:270–281.

Friebe, A., A. L. Evans, J. M. Arnemo, S. Blanc, S. Brunberg, G. Fleissner, J. E. Swenson, and A. Zedrosser. 2014. Factors affecting date of implantation, parturition, and den entry estimated from activity and body temperature in free-ranging brown bears. PLoS ONE 9.

González-Bernardo, E., L. F. Russo, E. Valderrábano, Á. Fernández, and V. Penteriani. 2020. Denning in brown bears. Ecology and Evolution 10:1-19.

Hilderbrand, G. V., D. D. Gustine, B. A. Mangipane, K. Joly, W. Leacock, L. S. Mangipane, J. Erlenbach, M. S. Sorum, M. D. Cameron, J. L. Belant, and T. Cambier. 2018. Body size and lean mass of brown bears across and within four diverse ecosystems. Journal of Zoology 305:53–62.

Falco, M. 2020.  Modelling habitat suitability accounting for forest structure and dynamics:Apennine brown bear as a case study.  Tesi di Dottorato, Università “ La Sapienza”, Roma, IT.

Iwaniuk, A. N., S. M. Pellis, and I. Q. Whishaw. 1999. The relationship between forelimb morphology and behaviour in North American carnivores (Carnivora). Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:1064–1074.

Jiangzuo, Q., and J. J. Flynn. 2020. The Earliest Ursine Bear Demonstrates the Origin of Plant-Dominated Omnivory in Carnivora. iScience 23:101235.

Kumar, V., F. Lammers, T. Bidon, M. Pfenninger, L. Kolter, M. A. Nilsson, and A. Janke. 2017. The evolutionary history of bears is characterized by gene flow across species. Scientific Reports 7:1–10.

Laske, T. G., D. L. Garshelis, and P. A. Iaizzo. 2011a. Monitoring the wild black bear’s reaction to human and environmental stressors. BMC Physiology 11:13.

López-Alfaro, C., C. T. Robbins, A. Zedrosser, and S. E. Nielsen. 2013. Energetics of hibernation and reproductive trade-offs in brown bears. Ecological Modelling 270:1–10.

Loy, A., P. Genov, M. Galfo, M. G. Jacobone, and A. V. Taglianti. 2008. Cranial morphometrics of the Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) and preliminary notes on the relationships with other southern European populations. Italian Journal of Zoology 75:67–75.

Mattson, D.J. 1997c. Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos. Biological Conservation. 81: 161-177.

McLellan, B. N. 2011. Implications of a high-energy and low-protein diet on the body composition, fitness, and competitive abilities of black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly (Ursus arctos) bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89:546–558.

Meloro, C., and A. M. de Oliveira. 2019. Elbow Joint Geometry in Bears (Ursidae, Carnivora): a Tool to Infer Paleobiology and Functional Adaptations of Quaternary Fossils. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 26:133–146.

Meloro, C., G. Guidarelli, P. Colangelo, P. Ciucci, and A. Loy. 2017. Mandible size and shape in extant Ursidae (Carnivora, Mammalia): A tool for taxonomy and ecogeography. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research:55.

Mugahid, D. A., et al. 2019. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Hibernating Grizzly Bears Reveal Metabolic and Signaling Pathways that Protect against Muscle Atrophy. Scientific Reports 9:1–16.

Nelson, R. A., G. E. Folk, E. W. Pfeiffer, J. J. Craighead, C. J. Jonkel, and D. L. Steiger. 1983. Behavior, Biochemistry, and Hibernation in Black, Grizzly, and Polar Bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management 5:284.

Nielsen, S. E., M. R. L. Cattet, J. Boulanger, J. Cranston, G. J. McDermid, A. B. A. Shafer, and G. B. Stenhouse. 2013. Environmental, biological and anthropogenic effects on grizzly bear body size: Temporal and spatial considerations. BMC Ecology 13:1.

Noyce, K. V., P. B. Kannowski, and M. R. Riggs. 1997. Black bears as ant-eaters: Seasonal associations between bear myrmecophagy and ant ecology in north-central Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:1671–1686.

Pritchard, G. T., and C. T. Robbins. 1990. Digestive and metabolic efficiencies of grizzly and black bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:1645–1651.

Rey-Iglesia, A., A. García-Vázquez, E. C. Treadaway, J. van der Plicht, G. F. Baryshnikov, P. Szpak, H. Bocherens, G. G. Boeskorov, and E. D. Lorenzen. 2019. Evolutionary history and palaeoecology of brown bear in North-East Siberia re-examined using ancient DNA and stable isotopes from skeletal remains. Scientific Reports 9:1–12.

Reynolds-Hogland, M. J., L. B. Pacifici, and M. S. Mitchell. 2007. Linking resources with demography to understand resource limitation for bears. Journal of Applied Ecology 44:1166–1175.

Rigano, K. S., J. L. Gehring, B. D. Evans Hutzenbiler, A. V. Chen, O. L. Nelson, C. A. Vella, C. T. Robbins, and H. T. Jansen. 2017. Life in the fat lane: seasonal regulation of insulin sensitivity, food intake, and adipose biology in brown bears. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 187:649–676.

Robbins, T., C., J. K. Fortin, K. D. Rode, S. D. Farley, L. A. Shipley, and L. A. Felicetti. 2007. Optimizing protein intake as a foraging strategy to maximize mass gain in an omnivore. Oikos 116:1675–1682.

Rode, K. D., and C. T. Robbins. 2000. Why bears consume mixed diets during fruit abundance. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:1640–1645.

Rode, K. D., C. T. Robbins, and L. A. Shipley. 2001. Constraints on herbivory by grizzly bears. Oecologia 128:62–71.

Rodríguez, C., J. Naves, A. Fernández-Gil, J. R. Obeso, and M. Delibes. 2007. Long-term trends in food habits of a relict brown bear population in northern Spain: The influence of climate and local factors. Environmental Conservation 34:36–44.

Sahlén, V., A. Friebe, S. Sæbø, J. E. Swenson, and O. G. Støen. 2015. Den entry behavior in Scandinavian brown bears: Implications for preventing human injuries. Journal of Wildlife Management 79:274–287.

Seger, R. L., F. A. Servello, R. A. Cross, and D. H. Keisler. 2013. Body mass and mast abundance influence foraging ecology of the American black bear (Ursus Americanus) in Maine. Canadian Journal of Zoology 91:512–522.

Shine, C. L., C. T. Robbins, O. L. Nelson, and C. P. McGowan. 2017. Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) locomotion: Forelimb joint mechanics across speed in the sagittal and frontal planes. Journal of Experimental Biology 220:1322–1329.

Spady, T. J., D. G. Lindburg, and B. S. Durrant. 2007. Evolution of reproductive seasonality in bears. Mammal Review 37:21–53.

Stenvinkel, P., A. H. Jani, and R. J. Johnson. 2013a. Hibernating bears (Ursidae): Metabolic magicians of definite interest for the nephrologist. Kidney International 83:207–212.

Swenson, J. E., A. Jansson, R. Riig, and F. Sandegren. 1999. Bears and ants: Myrmecophagy by brown bears in central Scandinavia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:551–561.

Swenson, J. E., F. Sandegren, S. Brunberg, and P. Wabakken. 1997. Winter den abandonment by brown bears Ursus arctos: Causes and consequences. Wildlife Biology 3:35–38.

Swenson, J. E., M. Adamič, D. Huber, and S. Stokke. 2007. Brown bear body mass and growth in northern and southern Europe. Oecologia 153:37–47.

Tosoni, E., M. Mei, and P. Ciucci. 2018. Ants as food for Apennine brown bears. The European Zoological Journal 85:342–348.

Tosoni, E.  2010.  Indagini ecologiche relative alla popolazione di orso bruno ( Ursus arctos marsicanus) nel territorio del Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise. Tesi di Dottorato, Università “ La Sapienza”, Roma, IT.

Tumendemberel, O., A. Zedrosser, M. F. Proctor, H. V. Reynolds, J. R. Adams, J. M. Sullivan, S. J. Jacobs, T. Khorloojav, T. Tserenbataa, M. Batmunkh, J. E. Swenson, and L. P. Waits. 2019. Phylogeography, genetic diversity, and connectivity of brown bear populations in Central Asia. PLoS ONE 14:1–23.

Wang, X., N. Rybczynski, C. R. Harington, S. C. White, and R. H. Tedford. 2017. A basal ursine bear (Protarctos abstrusus) from the Pliocene High Arctic reveals Eurasian affinities and a diet rich in fermentable sugars. Scientific Reports 7:1–14.

Welch, C. A., J. Keay, K. C. Kendall, and C. T. Robbins. 1997. Constraints on frugivory by bears. Ecology 78:1105–1119.

L’ORSO SOCIALE

Bellemain, E., J. E. Swenson, and P. Taberlet. 2006a. Mating strategies in relation to sexually selected infanticide in a non-social carnivore: The brown bear. Ethology 112:238–246.

Bellemain, E., A. Zedrosser, S. Manel, L. P. Waits, P. Taberlet, and J. E. Swenson. 2006b. The dilemma of female mate selection in the brown bear, a species with sexually selected infanticide. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273:283–291.

Clapham, M., and J. Kitchin. 2016. Social play in wild brown bears of varying age-sex class. Acta Ethologica 19:181–188.

Clapham, M., O. T. Nevin, A. D. Ramsey, and F. Rosell. 2012. A hypothetico-deductive approach to assessing the social function of chemical signalling in a non-territorial solitary carnivore. PLoS ONE 7.

Clapham, M., O. T. Nevin, A. D. Ramsey, and F. Rosell. 2013. The function of strategic tree selectivity in the chemical signalling of brown bears. Animal Behaviour 85:1351–1357.

Clapham, M., O. T. Nevin, A. D. Ramsey, and F. Rosell. 2014. Scent-marking investment and motor patterns are affected by the age and sex of wild brown bears. Animal Behaviour 94:107–116.

Dahle, B., and J. E. Swenson. 2003. Family breakup in brown bears: Are young forced to leave? Journal of Mammalogy 84:536–540.

Davoli, F., M. Cozzo, F. Angeli, C. Groff, and E. Randi. 2018. Infanticide in brown bear: A case-study in the Italian Alps – Genetic identification of perpetrator and implications in small populations. Nature Conservation 25:55–75.

Deecke, V. B. 2012. Tool-use in the brown bear (Ursus arctos). Animal Cognition 15:725–730.

Derocher, A. E., S. M. Van Parijs, and Ø. Wiig. 2010. Nursing vocalization of a polar bear cub. Ursus 21:189–191.

Edwards, M. A., and A. E. Derocher. 2015. Mating-related behaviour of grizzly bears inhabiting marginal habitat at the periphery of their North American range. Behavioural Processes 111:75–83.

Fagen, R., and J. Fagen. 2009. Play behaviour and multi-year juvenile survival in free-ranging brown bears, Ursus arctos. Evolutionary Ecology Research 11:1053–1067.

Fernández-Gil, A., J. Naves, and M. Delibes. 2006. Courtship of brown bears Ursus arctos in northern Spain: Phenology, weather, habitat and durable mating areas. Wildlife Biology 12:367–373.

Fuentes, A. 2002. Infanticide by Males and Its Implications:Infanticide by Males and Its Implications. American Anthropologist 104:693–696.

Green, G. I., and D. J. Mattson. 2003. Tree rubbing by yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos. Wildlife Biology 9:1–9.

Hamer, D., and S. Herrero. 1990. Courtship and use of mating areas by grizzly bears in the Front Ranges of Banff National Park, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:2695–2697.

Henry, J. D., and S. M. Herrero. 1974. Social play in the american black bear: Its similarity to canid social play and an examination of its identifying characteristics. Integrative and Comparative Biology 14:371–389.

Jojola, S. M., F. Rosell, I. Warrington, J. E. Swenson, and A. Zedrosser. 2012. Subadult brown bears (Ursus arctos) discriminate between unfamiliar adult male and female anal gland secretion. Mammalian Biology 77:363–368.

Krofel, M., S. Filacorda, and K. Jerina. 2010. Mating-related movements of male brown bears on the periphery of an expanding population. Ursus 21:23–29.

Lamb, C. T., G. Mowat, S. L. Gilbert, B. N. McLellan, S. E. Nielsen, and S. Boutin. 2017. Density-dependent signaling: An alternative hypothesis on the function of chemical signaling in a non-territorial solitary carnivore. PLoS ONE 12:1–12.

Nevin, O. T., and B. K. Gilbert. 2005. Observations of autumn courtship and breeding in Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, from coastal British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 119:449–450.

Noyce, K. V., and D. L. Garshelis. 2014. Follow the leader: social cues help guide landscape-level movements of American black bears (Ursus americanus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 92:1005–1017.

Ordiz, A., O. G. Støen, J. E. Swenson, I. Kojola, and R. Bischof. 2008. Distance-dependent effect of the nearest neighbor: Spatiotemporal patterns in brown bear reproduction. Ecology 89:3327–3335.

Peters, G., M. Owen, and L. Rogers. 2007. Humming in bears: A peculiar sustained mammalian vocalization. Acta Theriologica 52:379–389.

Rode, K. D., S. D. Farley, and C. T. Robbins. 2006. Sexual dimorphism, reproductive strategy, and human activities determine resource use by brown bears. Ecology 87:2636–2646.

Ruiz-Villar, H., A. Morales-González, G. Bombieri, A. Zarzo-Arias, and V. Penteriani. 2019. Characterization of a brown bear aggregation during the hyperphagia period in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain. Ursus 29:93–100.

Sato, Y., C. Kamiishi, T. Tokaji, M. Mori, S. Koizumi, K. Kobayashi, T. Itoh, W. Sonohara, M. B. Takada, and T. Urata. 2014. Selection of rub trees by brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Hokkaido, Japan. Acta Theriologica 59:129–137.

Schwartz, C. C., K. A. Keating, H. V. Reynolds, V. G. Barnes, R. A. Sellers, J. E. Swenson, S. D. Miller, B. N.

McLellan, J. Keay, R. McCann, M. Gibeau, W. F. Wakkinen, R. D. Mace, W. Kasworm, R. Smith, and S. Herrero. 2003. Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear. Ursus 14:109–119.

Steyaert, S. M. J. G., A. Endrestøl, K. Hackländer, J. E. Swenson, and A. Zedrosser. 2012. The mating system of the brown bear Ursus arctos. Mammal Review 42:12–34.

Steyaert, Sam M.J.G., J. Kindberg, J. E. Swenson, and A. Zedrosser. 2013. Male reproductive strategy explains spatio temporal segregation in brown bears. Journal of Animal Ecology 82:836–845.

Steyaert, S. M.J.G., C. Reusch, S. Brunberg, J. E. Swenson, K. Hackländer, and A. Zedrosser. 2013. Infanticide as a male reproductive strategy has a nutritive risk effect in brown bears. Biology letters 9:20130624.

Steyaert, S. M. J. G., J. E. Swenson, and A. Zedrosser. 2014. Litter loss triggers estrus in a nonsocial seasonal breeder. Ecology and Evolution 4:300–310.

Støen, O. G., E. Bellemain, S. Sæbø, and J. E. Swenson. 2005. Kin-related spatial structure in brown bears Ursus arctos. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59:191–197.

Støen, O. G., A. Zedrosser, P. Wegge, and J. E. Swenson. 2006. Socially induced delayed primiparity in brown bears Ursus arctos. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61:1–8.

Stonorov, D., and A. W. Stokes. 1972. Social Behavior of the Alaska Brown Bear. Bears: Their Biology and Management 2:232.

Swenson, J. E., and M. A. Haroldson. 2008. Observations of mixed-aged litters in brown bears. Ursus 19:73–79.

Tattoni, C., N. Bragalanti, C. Groff, and F. Rovero. 2015. Patterns in the use of rub trees by the Eurasian brown bear. Hystrix 26:118–124.

Tosoni, E., G. Palozzi, E. Trella, L. Boitani, and P. Ciucci. 2011. A case of autumn mating in the Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus). Hystrix 22:349–353.

Victor G. Barnes, J. and O. E. B. 1966. American Society of Mammalogists American Society of Mammalogists. Journal of Mammalogy 47:712–713.

Waroff, A. J., L. Fanucchi, C. T. Robbins, and O. L. Nelson. 2017. Tool use, problem-solving, and the display of stereotypic behaviors in the brown bear (Ursus arctos). Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 17:62–68.

Zedrosser, A., B. Dahle, O. G. Støen, and J. E. Swenson. 2009. The effects of primiparity on reproductive performance in the brown bear. Oecologia 160:847–854.

L’UOMO E L’ORSO

Bombieri, G., et al. 2019. Brown bear attacks on humans: a worldwide perspective. Scientific Reports 9:8573.

Ciucci, P., and L. Boitani. 2008. The Apennine brown bear: A critical review of its status and conservation problems. Ursus 19:130–145.

Ciucci, P., V. Gervasi, L. Boitani, J. Boulanger, D. Paetkau, R. Prive, and E. Tosoni. 2015. Estimating abundance of the remnant Apennine brown bear population using multiple noninvasive genetic data sources. Journal of Mammalogy 96:206–220.

Comba, E. e D. Ormezzano. 2016. Uomini e Orsi: morfologia del selvaggio. Accademia University Press.

Corvino, C. 2013. Orso. Biografia di un animale dalla preistoria allo sciamanesimo. Odoya srl, Città di Castello, IT.

Falcucci, A., P. Ciucci, L. Maiorano, L. Gentile, and L. Boitani. 2009. Assessing habitat quality for conservation using an integrated occurrence-mortality model. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:600–609.

Forconi, P., F. Davoli, G. Di Clemente, M. Dell’Orso, I. Pizzol, E. Randib, and P. Ciucci. 2014. Fatal long distance roaming of a male bear highlights survival threats to dispersing bears in the apennines, central Italy. Hystrix 25:1–3.

Gervasi, V., and P. Ciucci. 2018. Demographic projections of the Apennine brown bear population Ursus arctos marsicanus (Mammalia: Ursidae) under alternative management scenarios. The European Zoological Journal 85:243–253.

Gervasi, V., L. Boitani, D. Paetkau, M. Posillico, E. Randi, and P. Ciucci. 2017. Estimating survival in the Apennine brown bear accounting for uncertainty in age classification. Population Ecology 59:119–130.

Gervasi, V., P. Ciucci, J. Boulanger, E. Randi, and L. Boitani. 2012. A multiple data source approach to improve abundance estimates of small populations: The brown bear in the Apennines, Italy. Biological Conservation 152:10–20.

Gervasi, V., P. Ciucci, J. Boulanger, M. Posillico, C. Sulli, S. Focardi, E. Randi, and L. Boitani. 2008. A preliminary estimate of the Apennine brown bear population size based on hair-snag sampling and multiple data source mark-recapture Huggins models. Ursus 19:105–121.

Glikman, J. A., P. Ciucci, A. Marino, E. O. Davis, A. J. Bath, and L. Boitani. 2019. Local attitudes toward Apennine brown bears: Insights for conservation issues. Conservation Science and Practice 1: e25.

Maiorano, L., L. Boitani, A. Monaco, E. Tosoni, and P. Ciucci. 2015. Modeling the distribution of Apennine brown bears during hyperphagia to reduce the impact of wild boar hunting. European Journal of Wildlife Research 61:241–253.

Maiorano, L., L. Chiaverini, M. Falco, and P. Ciucci. 2019. Combining multi-state species distribution models, mortality estimates, and landscape connectivity to model potential species distribution for endangered species in human dominated landscapes. Biological Conservation 237:19–27.

Morales-González, A., H. Ruiz-Villar, A. Ordiz, and V. Penteriani. 2020. Large carnivores living alongside humans: Brown bears in human-modified landscapes. Global Ecology and Conservation 22: e00937.

Nanni, V., E. Caprio, G. Bombieri, S. Schiaparelli, C. Chiorri, S. Mammola, P. Pedrini, and V. Penteriani. 2020.
Social Media and Large Carnivores: Sharing Biased News on Attacks on Humans. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:71.

Pastoureau, M. 2008. L’orso. Storia di un re decaduto. Giulio Einaudi editore, Torino, IT.

Penteriani, V., C. Lamamy, I. Kojola, S. Heikkinen, G. Bombieri, and M. del Mar Delgado. 2021. Does artificial feeding affect large carnivore behaviours? The case study of brown bears in a hunted and tourist exploited subpopulation. Biological Conservation 254:108949.

Penteriani, V., et al. 2018. Density and reproductive characteristics of female brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain. The European Zoological Journal 85:313–321.

Penteriani, V., J. V. López-Bao, C. Bettega, F. Dalerum, M. del M. Delgado, K. Jerina, I. Kojola, M. Krofel, and A. Ordiz. 2017. Consequences of brown bear viewing tourism: A review. Biological Conservation 206: 69-180.

Piccioni L. 1996. Il dono dell’orso. Abitanti e plantigradi dell’Alta Val di Sangro tra Ottocento e Novecento. Abruzzo contemporaneo: rivista dell’Istituto abruzzese per la storia d’Italia dal fascismo alla Resistenza 2: 61-113.

Scillitani L. 2020. Il Buono, l’Orso, il Cattivo Il rapporto uomo-orso attraverso i media italiani. Tesi di Master, Università “La Sapienza”, Roma, IT.

Spagna, F.1998. L’ospite selvaggio: esperienze visionarie e simboli dell’orso nelle tradizioni native americane e circumboreali. Il Segnalibro, IT.

Tosoni, E., L. Boitani, G. Mastrantonio, R. Latini, and P. Ciucci. 2017. Counts of unique females with cubs in the Apennine brown bear population, 2006-2014. Ursus 28:1–14.

Tosoni, E., L. Boitani, L. Gentile, V. Gervasi, R. Latini, and P. Ciucci. 2017b. Assessment of key reproductive traits in the Apennine brown bear population. Ursus 28:105–116.